11 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Lukas Prause 9b2be29338 Update the repository with the changes made since the last LKML review.
Changes since last commit:
	* Don't discard all rtt samples after fast recovery in min RTT probing
	* Enter LAUNCH after sufficient idle period
	* Fix outdated comments
	* Apply snd_cwnd_clamp everywhere
	* Remove possibility for double ROCCET CE in ORBITER
	* Fix incorrect implicit s32->u64 cast for `sent_more_than_acked`
	* Fix some incorrect parameter resets on roccet_reset
2026-10-08 16:11:32 +02:00
Lukas Prause ab78c2353f Update the repository with the changes made since the last LKML review.
Changes since last commit:
	* Don't discard all rtt samples after fast recovery in min RTT probing
	* Enter LAUNCH after sufficient idle period
	* Fix outdated comments
	* Apply snd_cwnd_clamp everywhere
	* Remove possibility for double ROCCET CE in ORBITER
	* Fix incorrect implicit s32->u64 cast for `sent_more_than_acked`
	* Fix some incorrect parameter resets on roccet_reset
2026-10-08 16:11:13 +02:00
Lukas Prause 956f195ddc Update the repository with the changes made since the last LKML review. 2026-09-30 12:52:30 +02:00
Lukas Prause 64d0e54f87 Update repository to the state of the latest kernel patch. 2026-09-16 15:22:54 +02:00
Lukas Prause b355d1eb50 Update Readme and add new performance report. 2026-07-22 13:35:32 +02:00
Lukas Prause b651be77b3 Adjusts sruct size and refactor of code. 2026-07-20 15:00:23 +02:00
Lukas Prause a6356c3297 Adds send and receive rate monitoring. 2026-07-16 13:25:58 +02:00
Lukas Prause 97a59b6f20 Removes apt repo. 2026-07-14 09:56:55 +02:00
Lukas Prause 35aa714256 Improves minimum RTT probing, adds packet pacing and refactors the code. 2026-07-13 16:20:23 +02:00
Lukas Prause 52cb1fe1f1 Adds minimum RTT probing. 2026-06-12 14:01:25 +02:00
Lukas Prause 96fed81e57 Update the README file to reflect the current state of the project. 2026-03-27 14:52:29 +01:00
4 changed files with 1067 additions and 348 deletions
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# TCP ROCCET :rocket: (RTT Oriented CUBIC Congestion control ExTension)
TCP ROCCET is a new TCP congestion control
algorithm suited for current cellular 5G NR beyond networks.
It extends the kernel default congestion control CUBIC
and improves its performance, and additionally solves
unwanted side effects of CUBIC’s implementation.
ROCCET uses its own Slow Start, called LAUNCH, where loss
is not considered as a congestion event.
The congestion avoidance phase, called ORBITER, uses
CUBIC's window growth function and adds, based on RTT
and ACK rate, congestion events.
TCP ROCCET is a new TCP congestion control algorithm that reduces latency by detecting queuing.
Additionally, it is specially suited for 4G/5G cellular networks.
A peer-reviewed paper on TCP ROCCET will be presented at the WONS 2026 conference.
A draft of the paper is available here:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25281
A peer-reviewed [paper on TCP ROCCET](https://opendl.ifip-tc6.org/db/conf/wons/wons2026/1571217211.pdf) was presented at the WONS 2026 conference.
A new performance report for the latest version of TCP ROCCET can be found under "doc/measurements/2026-07-21_performance-report.pdf".
## Setup
### Versions
- latest on master branch (requires kernel version 7.1 or higher)
- Improved min RTT probing
- Packet pacing
- Code refactor
- Monitoring send and receive rate
- release-2026-06-12-v1
- Adds minimum RTT probing
## Install with apt (requires kernel version 6.10 or higher)
Add tcp-roccet-dkms to your source lists and install:
```
echo "deb [trusted=yes] https://apt.fury.io/timfuchs/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tcp-roccet.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install tcp-roccet-dkms
```
### Loading and using the congestion control
Note: This change is not persistent, the module will not be loaded at boot.
```
sudo modprobe tcp_roccet
sudo sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=roccet
```
## Build from source
### Setup
Kernel headers are required:
* Debian: `sudo apt install linux-headers-generic`
* Fedora: `sudo dnf install kernel-devel`
(`sudo reboot`)
## Build
### Build
`make`
## Loading & Unloading the Module
**1.** Insert into Kernel: `sudo insmod tcp_roccet.ko`
In case you get the "Invalid module Format" error, it can help reinstalling the kernel-headers.
In case you get the "Invalid module Format" error, it can help to reinstall the kernel-headers.
**2.** Use the Algorithm:
* Either via globally loading it: `sudo sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=roccet`
@@ -38,12 +59,12 @@ In case you get the "Invalid module Format" error, it can help reinstalling the
## Debugging (Using kprobe)
In order to debug the `tcp_roccet` congestion control algorithm, there exists a Kprobe module (`roccet_kprobe.c`). Using this it is possible to inspect events generated by the algorithm.
In order to debug the `tcp_roccet` congestion control algorithm, there exists a Kprobe module (`roccet_kprobe.c`). Using this, it is possible to inspect events generated by the algorithm.
In order to use the Kprobe module the following steps are necessary:
In order to use the Kprobe module, the following steps are necessary:
**1. Specify the event to inspect**
For this head into the `tcp_roccet.c` source code and find the function the Kprobe should attach to.
For this, head into the `tcp_roccet.c` source code and find the function the Kprobe should attach to.
For Example:
```
@@ -68,7 +89,7 @@ Required files for this are:
* `tcp_roccet.c` (Optional; Need to remove corresponding entry in Makefile if missing)
**3. Load Kprobe module**
To then load the Module use
To then load the module use
`sudo insmod roccet_kprobe.ko`
If you are seeing the error "Unknown symbol in module" you need to first load the roccet algorithm.
@@ -77,21 +98,7 @@ To see the trace output use
`sudo cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe`
**5. Unload Kprobe module**
To remove the module again use
To remove the module again, use
`sudo rmmod roccet_kprobe`
_See more info at_ https://docs.kernel.org/trace/kprobes.html and https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.rst
## Further Info
* On TCP-CC Ops:
* https://www.yonch.com/tech/linux-tcp-congestion-control-internals
* https://docs.ebpf.io/linux/program-type/BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS/tcp_congestion_ops/
# Setup Development Environment
For specific Kernel:
1. Download linux source (the version you want to develop for)
2. Create Config via `make defconfig`
3. Compile kernel via `make`
4. Generate clangd Config via `python scripts/clang-tools/gen_compile_commands.py`
5. Copy `compile_commands.json` to development directory
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#include <linux/math64.h>
struct ack_rate {
u16 last_rate; /* Last ACK-rate */
u32 last_rate_time; /* Timestamp of the last ACK-rate */
u16 curr_rate; /* Current ACK-rate */
u16 cnt; /* Used for counting acks */
/* State in which roccet currently operates */
enum roccet_state {
LAUNCH,
ORBITER,
RTT_PROBE_ENTER,
RTT_PROBE,
RTT_PROBE_REFILL,
DRAIN
};
struct bandwidth_limit_detect {
u32 sum_cwnd; /* sum of cwnd during time interval */
u32 sum_acked; /* sum of received acks during time interval */
u32 next_check; /* end/upper bound of time interval */
};
struct timed_rtt {
u32 time; /* Time of recording */
u32 rtt; /* Measured RTT */
};
/* Based on the BICTCP struct with additions specific for the ROCCET-Algorithm */
/* TCP ROCCET struct based on the original BICTCP struct with
* additions specific to the ROCCET-Algorithm.
*/
struct roccettcp {
u32 cnt; /* increase cwnd by 1 after ACKs */
u32 cnt; /* increase cwnd by 1 after ACKs */
u32 last_max_cwnd; /* last maximum snd_cwnd */
u32 last_cwnd; /* the last snd_cwnd */
u32 last_time; /* time when updated last_cwnd */
u32 last_cwnd; /* the last snd_cwnd */
u32 last_time; /* time when updated last_cwnd */
u32 bic_origin_point; /* origin point of bic function */
u32 bic_K; /* time to origin point from the
* beginning of the current epoch
*/
u32 delay_min; /* min delay (usec) */
u32 bic_K; /* time to origin point from the
* beginning of the current epoch
*/
u32 delay_min; /* min delay (usec) */
u32 epoch_start; /* beginning of an epoch */
u32 ack_cnt; /* number of acks */
u32 tcp_cwnd; /* estimated tcp cwnd */
u32 curr_rtt; /* the minimum rtt of current round */
u32 ack_cnt; /* number of acks */
u32 tcp_cwnd; /* estimated tcp cwnd */
u32 curr_rtt; /* last sample rtt of current round */
u32 roccet_last_event_time_us; /* The last time ROCCET was triggered */
bool ece_received; /* Set to true if an ECE bit was received */
u32 curr_min_rtt; /* The current observed minRTT */
struct timed_rtt curr_min_rtt_timed; /* The current observed minRTT with
* the timestamp when it was observed
*/
u32 curr_srrtt; /* The srRTT calculated based on the latest ACK */
struct ack_rate ack_rate; /* The last and the current ACK rate */
struct bandwidth_limit_detect bw_limit;
u32 last_rtt; /* Used for jitter calculation */
u32 curr_min_rtt; /* The current observed minRTT */
u32 next_min_rtt_probe; /* Next time to probe the minRTT */
u32 probe_min_rtt_until; /* End of minRTT probing period.
* Set while in RTT_PROBE states
*/
u32 refill_until; /* End of pipe refill after minRTT probe.
* Set while in RTT_PROBE states
*/
u32 cwnd_before_min_rtt_probe; /* cwnd before min RTT probing. */
u32 curr_srrtt; /* srRTT calculated based on the latest ACK */
u32 next_srrtt_check_ts; /* Next check for srRTT */
u32 last_rtt; /* sample rtt of previous round.
* Used for jitter calculation
*/
u32 interval_snd_seq_start;
u32 interval_una_seq_start;
u32 ack_carry_over; /* Used to carry over leftover acks from
* LAUNCH to ORBITER
*/
u32 last_ack_rate_time; /* Timestamp of the last ACK-rate */
u16 ack_rate_last_rate; /* Last ACK-rate */
u16 curr_ack_rate; /* Current ACK-rate */
u16 ack_rate_cnt; /* Used for counting acks */
enum roccet_state state : 3; /* Current operating state of roccet */
bool initial_limit_reached: 1; /* Set to true after the connection
* initially gets cwnd-limited
*/
bool is_in_initial_launch: 1; /* true if the connection is in
* the initial launch phase.
*/
bool last_event_time_set: 1; /* true if the last event time
* has been set/initialized.
*/
bool rtt_probe_timers_set: 1; /* true if refill_until and
* probe_min_rtt_until are currently
* set.
*/
};
#endif /* __TCP_ROCCET_H */